Приап и его восприятие в римском обществе (по Carmina Priapea)

Abstract

В статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты возникновения и распространения культа Приапа в Греции и Эллинистическом мире (Восточное Средиземноморье). Основная часть работы посвящена проблеме перцепции этого культа римским обществом. The article at first briefly sums up some aspects of the beginning and spreading of the cult of Priapus in the Greece and in the Hellenistic world (Eastern Mediterranean). The principal part of the article is devoted to the problem of reception of that phenomenon with the Roman society and its adaptation on the Italian scene. One of the main sources on that theme is a collection of the Latin versus, called Carmina Priapea (I century B.C. — I century A.D.). The author considers the questions of the perception of the Priapus by poets (Ovidius, Catullus, Tibullus and unknowns); the elements of the cult and the laudation of this god; the using of the indecent lexicon (as the element of the vulgar Latin); the jocular and mock motives in the collection. Thus the consideration of that problem helps on to explore the moral and virtuous situation in the Roman society in the period of the falling of republic and strengthening of the regime of Principatus better.