Концепции происхождения римского интеррегнума

Abstract

Статья посвящена проблеме возникновения института interregnum в римской политической системе. Наиболее сложным является определение времени появления института междуцарствия. Автор рассматривает две основные концепции, предложенные в историографии по этому вопросу, и приводит аргументы в пользу принятия одной из них как более обоснованной и перспективной для дальнейшего изучения. The problem of an origin of roman interregnum includes such questions as the reasons of appearance of this political institution, the analogues to it in other italic communities, its historical roots, etc. The time of origin of roman interregnum is the most debatable question in this issue. There are two different points of view on this problem in a historiography: 1. The interregnum as a political institution has arisen in epoch of a primitive monarchy, when the interrex has appeared as extreme post for conduct of election of following king. This opinion is most popular. 2. The interregnum institution has arisen as the transient form from imperial to republican period in the first year after exile of last king. This institution has existed as an ordinary form of government of interleaved interreges. This point of view was formulated in works of such authors, as U. von Lubtow and F. De Martino. There exist close relations between a problem of an antiquity of interregnum institute and an explanation of five-day interrex time. There were two concepts in a historiography in this connection: 1. The theory about conformity between five days of authorities of interrex and the time of acceptance of the oath by an elected magistracy (Th. Mommsen, L. Lange). 2. The theory about connection of these five days with Regifugium custom (E.T. Merill, A. Magdelain, E. Friezer, J. Jahn, H. Volkmann, G. Radke). The second concept confirms appearance of interregnum institution during the reign of the first kings, and it is represented to author reasonable. As a whole, in author’s opinion, the theory about occurrence interregnum in epoch of an archaic monarchy is perspective for further study.