Правовые основы взаимодействия диктатора с органами государственной власти в ранней Римской республике (V-III вв. до н.э.)

Abstract

Авторы аргументируют мысль о том, что деятельность диктатора была правовым способом регламентирована; его взаимодействие с ординарными магистратами, сенатом и комициями подчинялось традиционным нормам. Авторы полагают, что несмотря на громадный объем полномочий чрезвычайного магистрата, раннереспубликанская диктатура не характеризовалась его вседозволенностью и не была внеконституционной. As the dictator took the office, ordinary magisters, including consuls, became subordinate to him. It appears that the notion of the dictator as collega maior of consuls is not accurate. The dictator could remain in the office longer than the consul who had appointed him. It seems probable that the tribun intercession was not used in regard to the dictator's decisions during the period of the dictarorship existence. The dictator was not the highest authority for legislative and controlling bodies as he was for the executive power. Moreover, the senat's influence on the dictator permanently increased military decisions of the dictator could not be abolished by the citizens through the provocation procedure. It appears that the appellation in regard to the dictator's actions in the civilian matters was introduced after 449 B.C. Thus, the dictatorship of the Early Republic was within the framework of the Constitution and legally regulated.